P0171
2GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM: SFI SYSTEM: P0171, P0172, P0174, P0175: System Too Lean (Bank 1)
DESCRIPTION
The fuel trim is related to the feedback compensation value, not to the basic injection time. The fuel trim consists of both short-term and long-term fuel trims.
The short-term fuel trim is fuel compensation that is used to constantly maintain the air-fuel ratio at stoichiometric levels. The signal from the Air-Fuel Ratio (A/F) sensor indicates whether the air-fuel ratio is rich or lean compared to the stoichiometric ratio. This triggers a reduction in the fuel injection volume if the air-fuel ratio is rich or an increase in the fuel injection volume if it is lean.
Factors such as individual engine differences, wear over time and changes in operating environment cause short-term fuel trim to deviate from the central value. The long-term fuel trim, which controls overall fuel compensation, compensates for long-term deviations in the fuel trim from the central value caused by the short-term fuel trim compensation.
If both the short-term and long-term fuel trims are lean or rich beyond predetermined values, it is interpreted as a malfunction, and the ECM illuminates the MIL and sets a DTC.
HINT
* When DTC P0171 or P0174 is set, the actual air-fuel ratio is on the lean side. When DTC P0172 or P0175 is set, the actual air-fuel ratio is on the rich side.
* If the vehicle runs out of fuel, the air-fuel ratio is lean and DTC P0171 or P0174 may be set. The MIL is then illuminated.
* When the total of the short-term and long-term fuel trim values is within the malfunction threshold (and the engine coolant temperature is more than 75°C [167°F]), the system is functioning normally.
MONITOR DESCRIPTION
Under closed-loop fuel control, fuel injection volumes that deviate from those estimated by the ECM cause changes in the long-term fuel trim compensation value. The long-term fuel trim is adjusted when there are persistent deviations in the short-term fuel trim values. Deviations from the ECM's estimated fuel injection volumes also affect the average fuel trim learning value, which is a combination of the average short-term fuel trim (fuel feedback compensation value) and the average long-term fuel trim (learning value of the air-fuel ratio). If the average fuel trim learning value exceeds the malfunction thresholds, the ECM interprets this as a fault in the fuel system and sets a DTC.
Example:
- The average fuel trim learning value is +35% or more, or -35% or less, the ECM interprets this as a fuel system malfunction.
MONITOR STRATEGY
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
Fuel-trim:
TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS
Fuel trim:
CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
1. Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
2. Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
3. Clear the DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC procedure) Reading and Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes.
4. Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
5. Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
6. Start the engine and warm it up (until the engine coolant temperature is 75°C (167°F) or higher) with all the accessories switched off [B].
7. With the engine warmed up, idle the engine for 2 minutes or more [C].
8. Drive the vehicle at between 37 and 84 mph (60 and 135 km/h) for 5 minutes or more [D].
CAUTION:
When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.
9. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes / Pending.
10. Read the pending DTC [E].
11. If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning.
12. If no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs Reading and Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes.
HINT
* If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning.
* If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
WIRING DIAGRAM
Air fuel ratio sensor (sensor 1) circuit: Refer to DTC P2195 P2195.
Mass air flow meter circuit: Refer to DTC P0102 P0102
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
NOTICE:
Inspect the fuses for circuits related to this system before performing the following inspection procedure.
HINT
* Bank 1 refers to the bank that includes the No. 1 cylinder*.
*: The No. 1 cylinder is the cylinder which is farthest from the transaxle.
* Bank 2 refers to the bank that does not include the No. 1 cylinder.
* Sensor 1 refers to the sensor closest to the engine assembly.
* Sensor 2 refers to the sensor farthest away from the engine assembly.
* Read freeze frame data using Techstream. The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as freeze frame data the moment a DTC is stored. When troubleshooting, freeze frame data can be helpful in determining whether the vehicle was traveling or stopped, whether the engine was warmed up or not, whether the air fuel ratio was lean or rich, as well as other data recorded at the time of a malfunction.
* A low A/F sensor voltage could be caused by a rich air-fuel mixture. Check for conditions that would cause the engine to run rich.
* A high A/F sensor voltage could be caused by a lean air-fuel mixture. Check for conditions that would cause the engine to run lean.
PROCEDURE
1. CHECK ANY OTHER DTCs OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO DTC P0171, P0172, P0174 OR P0175)
(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.
(c) Turn the Techstream on.
(d) Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes.
(e) Read the DTCs.
Result:
HINT
If any DTCs other than P0171, P0172, P0174 or P0175 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first.
B -- GO TO DTC CHART SFI System
A -- Continue to next step.
2. CHECK PCV HOSE CONNECTIONS
(a) Check the PCV hose connections On-Vehicle Inspection.
OK:
PCV valve and hose are connected correctly and are not damaged.
NG -- REPAIR OR REPLACE PCV HOSE
OK -- Continue to next step.
3. CHECK AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM
(a) Check the air induction system for vacuum leaks.
OK:
No leaks in air induction system.
NG -- REPAIR OR REPLACE AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM
OK -- Continue to next step.
4. PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING TECHSTREAM (CONTROL THE INJECTION VOLUME FOR A/F SENSOR)
(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Start the engine.
(c) Turn the Techstream on.
(d) Warm up the engine and run the engine at an engine speed of 2500 rpm for approximately 90 seconds.
(e) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Injection Volume / AFS Voltage B1S1 and O2S B1S2 or AFS Voltage B2S1 and O2S B2S2.
(f) Perform the Control the Injection Volume operation with the engine idling (press the RIGHT or LEFT button to change the fuel injection volume).
(g) Monitor the voltage outputs of the air fuel ratio sensor and the heated oxygen sensor (AFS Voltage B1S1 and O2S B1S2 or AFS Voltage B2S1 and O2S B2S2) displayed on the Techstream.
HINT
* Change the fuel injection volume within the range of -12% to +12%. The injection volume can be changed in fine gradations.
* The air fuel ratio sensor has an output delay of a few seconds and the heated oxygen sensor has a maximum output delay of approximately 20 seconds.
* If the sensor output voltage does not change (almost no reaction) while performing the Active Test, the sensor may be malfunctioning.
Standard:
Result
Lean: During Control the Injection Volume, the air fuel ratio sensor output voltage (AFS Voltage B1S1 or AFS Voltage B2S1) is consistently higher than 3.4 V, and the heated oxygen sensor output voltage (O2S B1S2 or O2S B2S2) is consistently below 0.4 V.
Rich: During Control the Injection Volume, the AFS Voltage B1S1 or AFS Voltage B2S1 is consistently below 3.1 V, and the O2S B1S2 or O2S B2S2 is consistently higher than 0.55 V.
Lean/Rich: During Control the Injection Volume of the Active Test, the output voltage of the heated oxygen sensor alternates correctly.
HINT
Refer to "Data List / Active Test" [AFS Voltage B1S1, AFS Voltage B2S1, O2S B1S2 and O2S B2S2] Data List / Active List.
B -- INSPECT AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR (HEATER RESISTANCE)
A -- Continue to next step.
5. READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (COOLANT TEMP)
(a) Connect Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
(c) Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / All Data / Coolant Temp.
(d) Read the Coolant Temp twice, when the engine is both cold and warmed up.
Standard:
With cold engine
Same as ambient air temperature.
With warm engine
Between 75°C and 100°C (167°F and 212°F)
NG -- REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR
OK -- Continue to next step.
6. READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (MAF)
(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Start the engine.
(c) Turn the Techstream on.
(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / All Data / MAF, Coolant Temp and Engine Speed.
(e) Allow the engine to idle until Coolant Temp reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher.
(f) Read MAF with the engine speed at 3000 rpm.
Standard:
Between 12 g/sec. and 17 g/sec. (shift lever: N; A/C: Off).
NG -- CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (MASS AIR FLOW METER SUB-ASSEMBLY CONNECTOR CONNECTION)
OK -- Continue to next step.
7. CHECK FUEL PRESSURE
(a) Check the fuel pressure Fuel System.
NG -- REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL SYSTEM
OK -- Continue to next step.
8. INSPECT FOR EXHAUST GAS LEAK
(a) Check for exhaust gas leaks.
OK:
No gas leaks.
NG -- REPAIR OR REPLACE EXHAUST SYSTEM
OK -- Continue to next step.
9. CHECK FOR SPARK (SPARK TEST)
(a) Perform a spark test On-Vehicle Inspection.
HINT
* If the result of the spark test is normal, proceed to the next step.
* If the spark plugs or ignition system malfunction, engine misfire may occur. The misfire count can be read using Techstream. Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / All Data / Cylinder #1 Misfire Count (to Cylinder #6 Misfire Count).
NEXT -- Continue to next step.
10. INSPECT FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY (INJECTION AND VOLUME)
(a) Inspect the fuel injector assembly Testing and Inspection.
HINT
If the injectors malfunction, engine misfire may occur. The misfire count can be read using Techstream. Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / All Data / Cylinder #1 Misfire Count (to Cylinder #6 Misfire Count).
OK -- CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P0171, P0172, P0174 OR P0175)
NG -- REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY Removal
11. INSPECT AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR (HEATER RESISTANCE) P0031
NG -- REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR Removal
OK -- Continue to next step.
12. CHECK TERMINAL VOLTAGE (+B OF A/F SENSOR) P0031
NG -- CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR - ENGINE ROOM JUNCTION BLOCK)
OK -- Continue to next step.
13. CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (A/F SENSOR - ECM)
(a) Disconnect the A/F sensor connector.
(b) Disconnect the ECM connector.
(c) Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.
Standard Resistance (Check for Open):
Standard Resistance (Check for Short):
(d) Reconnect the ECM connector.
(e) Reconnect the A/F sensor connector.
NG -- REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR
OK -- Continue to next step.
14. REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR
(a) Replace the air fuel ratio sensor Removal.
NEXT -- Continue to next step.
15. CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P0171, P0172, P0174 OR P0175)
(a) Connect Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
(c) Clear the DTCs Reading and Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes.
(d) Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
(e) Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
(f) Start the engine and warm it up.
(g) Drive the vehicle in accordance with the driving pattern described in the Confirmation Driving Pattern.
(h) Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes / Pending.
(i) Read the pending DTCs.
Result:
B -- END
A -- Continue to next step.
16. CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (MASS AIR FLOW METER SUB-ASSEMBLY CONNECTOR CONNECTION)
(a) Check the connection and terminal contact pressure of connectors and wire harnesses between the mass air flow meter and ECM Electronic Circuit Inspection Procedure.
HINT
Repair any problems.
NEXT -- Continue to next step.
17. CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P0171, P0172, P0174 OR P0175)
(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.
(c) Turn the Techstream on.
(d) Clear the DTCs Reading and Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes.
(e) Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
(f) Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
(g) Start the engine and warm it up.
(h) Drive the vehicle in accordance with the driving pattern described in Confirmation Driving Pattern.
(i) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes / Pending.
(j) Read the pending DTCs.
Result
B -- END
A -- Continue to next step.
18. CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (MASS AIR FLOW METER - ECM)
(a) Disconnect the mass air flow meter connector.
(b) Disconnect the ECM connector.
(c) Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.
Standard Resistance:
NG -- REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR (MASS AIR FLOW METER - ECM)
OK -- Continue to next step.
19. REPLACE MASS AIR FLOW METER
(a) Replace the mass air flow meter.
HINT
If the result of the inspection performed in step 6 indicated no problem, proceed to the next step without replacing the mass air flow meter.
NEXT -- Continue to next step.
20. CONFIRM WHETHER MALFUNCTION HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY REPAIRED
(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.
(c) Turn the Techstream on.
(d) Clear the DTCs Reading and Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes.
(e) Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
(f) Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
(g) Start the engine and warm it up.
(h) Drive the vehicle in accordance with the driving pattern described in Confirmation Driving Pattern.
(i) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes / Pending.
(j) Read the pending DTCs.
Result
B -- REPLACE ECM Removal
A -- END
21. CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR - ENGINE ROOM JUNCTION BLOCK)
(a) Disconnect the air fuel ratio sensor connector.
(b) Remove the engine room junction block from the engine room R/B.
(c) Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.
Standard Resistance (Check for Open):
Standard Resistance (Check for Short):
(d) Reinstall the engine room junction block.
(e) Reconnect the air fuel ratio sensor connector.
NG -- REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR (AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR - ENGINE ROOM JUNCTION BLOCK)
OK -- Continue to next step.
22. INSPECT ENGINE ROOM JUNCTION BLOCK (A/F RELAY) P0031
NG -- REPLACE ENGINE ROOM JUNCTION BLOCK
OK -- CHECK ECM POWER SOURCE CIRCUIT ECM Power Source Circuit