Displaying & Reading Trouble Codes

NOTE: This is the only information provided by the manufacturer for reading Diagnostic Trouble Codes for this system.

PRE-CHECK

1. DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM
a. Description




- When troubleshooting OBD II vehicles, the only difference from the usual troubleshooting procedure is that you need to connect the OBD II scan tool complying with SAE J1978 or TOYOTA hand-held tester to the vehicle, and read off various data out put from the vehicle's ECM.

- OBD II regulations require that the vehicle's on-board computer lights up the MIL on the instrument panel when the computer detects a malfunction in the computer itself or in drive system components which affect the vehicle emissions. In addition to the MIL lighting up when a malfunction is detected, the applicable DTCs prescribed by SAE J2021 are recorded in the ECM memory.
If the malfunction does not reoccur in 3-trips, the MIL goes off but the DTCs remain recorded in the ECM memory.




- To check the DTCs, connect the OBD II scan tool or TOYOTA hand-held tester to the DLC 3 on the vehicle. The OBD II scan tool or the TOYOTA hand-held tester also enables you to erase the DTCs and check freeze frame data and various forms of engine data. (For operation instructions, see the OBD II scan tool's instruction book.)

- DTCs include SAE controlled codes and Manufacturer controlled codes.
SAE controlled codes must be set as prescribed by the SAE, while Manufacturer controlled codes can be set freely by the Manufacturer within the prescribed limits.

- The diagnosis system operates in normal mode during normal vehicle use, and also has a check mode for technicians to simulate malfunction symptoms and perform a troubleshooting. Most DTCs use 2-trip detection logic (*) to prevent erroneous detection. By switching the ECM to check mode when troubleshooting, the technician can cause the MIL to light up for a malfunction that is only detected once or momentarily. (TOYOTA hand-held tester) (See step 3.)

- *2-trip detection logic:
When a logic malfunction is first detected, the malfunction is temporarily stored in the ECM memory. If the same malfunction is detected again during the second test drive, this second detection causes the MIL to light up.




b. Inspect the DLC 3.
The vehicle's ECM uses V.P.W. (Variable Pulse Width) for communication to comply with SAE J1850. The terminal arrangement of the DLC 3 complies with SAE J1962 and matches the V.P.W. format.

HINT: If your display shows "UNABLE TO CONNECT TO VEHICLE" when you have connected the cable of the OBD II scan tool or the TOYOTA hand-held tester to the DLC 3, turned the ignition switch ON and operated the scan tool, there is a problem on the vehicle side or tool side.
- If communication is normal when the tool is connected to another vehicle, inspect the DLC 3 on the original vehicle.
- If communication is still not possible when the tool is connected to another vehicle, the problem is probably in the tool itself, so consult the Service Department listed in the tool's instruction manual.

2. INSPECT DIAGNOSIS (NORMAL MODE)




a. Check the MIL.
1. The MIL lights up when the ignition switch is turned ON and the engine does not run.

HINT: If the MIL does not light up, troubleshoot the combination meter.

2. When the engine starts, the MIL should go off.

HINT: If the lamp remains on, the diagnosis system has detected a malfunction or abnormality in the system.

b. Check the DTC.

NOTE: TOYOTA hand-held tester only:
When the diagnostic system is switched from the normal mode to the check mode, all DTCs and freezed frame data recorded in the normal mode will be erased. So before switching modes, always check the DTCs and freeze frame data, and note them down.

1. Prepare the OBD II scan tool (complying with SAE J1978) or the TOYOTA hand-held tester.




2. Connect the OBD II scan tool or the TOYOTA hand-held tester to the DLC 3 at the lower portion of the instrument panel
3. Turn the ignition switch ON and turn the OBD II scan tool or the TOYOTA hand-held tester switch ON.
4. Use the OBD II scan tool or the TOYOTA hand-held tester to check the DTCs and freeze frame data. Note them down. (For operating instructions, see the OBD II scan tool's instruction book.)
5. See Trouble Code Descriptions to confirm the details of the DTCs.

NOTE: When the simulating symptoms with an OBD II scan tool (excluding the TOYOTA hand-held tester) to check the DTCs, use the normal mode. For codes on the DTC chart subject to "2-trip detection logic", turn the ignition switch off after the symptoms have been in simulation process again. When the program has been simulated twice, the MIL lights up and the DTCs are recorded in the ECM.

3. INSPECT DIAGNOSIS (CHECK MODE)

HINT: TOYOTA hand-held tester:
Compared to the normal mode, the check mode has high sensing ability to detect malfunctions.
Furthermore, the same diagnostic items which are detected in the normal mode can also be detected in the check mode.

a. Check the DTC.
1. Initial conditions
- Battery positive voltage 11 V or more
- Throttle valve fully closed
- Transaxle in the PARK position
- Air conditioning switched off

2. Turn the ignition switch OFF.
3. Prepare the TOYOTA hand-held tester.




4. Connect the TOYOTA hand-held tester to the DLC 3 at the lower portion of the instrument panel.
5. Turn the ignition switch ON and switch the TOYOTA hand-held tester ON.




6. Switch the TOYOTA hand-held tester from the normal mode to the check mode. (Check that the MIL flashes.)
7. Start the engine (The MIL goes off after the engine started.).
8. Simulate the conditions of the malfunction described by the customer.

NOTE: Leave the ignition switch ON until you have checked the DTCs etc.

9. After simulating the malfunction conditions, use the TOYOTA hand-held tester diagnosis selector to check the DTCs and freezed frame data, etc.

HINT: Take care not to turn the ignition switch OFF, turning the ignition switch off switches the diagnosis system from check mode to normal mode, so all DTCs, etc. are erased.

10. After checking the DTC, inspect the applicable circuit.

b. Clearance the DTC.
The following action will erase the DTCs and freezed frame data.
Operating the OBD II scan tool (complying with SAE J1978) or the TOYOTA hand-held tester to erase the codes. (See the OBD II scan tool's instruction book for operating instructions.)

NOTE: If the TOYOTA hand-held tester switches the ECM from the normal mode to the check mode or vise-versa, or if the ignition switch is turned from ON to ACC or OFF during the check mode, the DTCs and freezed frame data will be erased.

4. ROAD TEST

NOTE: Do the test at normal ATF operating temperature 50 - 80 °C (122 - 176 °F).

a. D position test
Shift into the D position and keep the accelerator pedal constant at the full throttle valve opening position, and check the following points:
1. Check up-shift operation.
Check that 1 -> 2, 2 -> 3 and 3 -> O/D up-shifts takes place at the shift point shown in the automatic shift schedule.

HINT:
O/D Gear Up-shift Prohibition Control
- Engine coolant temperature is 60 °C (140 °F) or less.
- If there is a 10 kph (6 mph) difference between the set cruise control speed and vehicle speed.
- O/D main switch is pushed ON (During the O/D OFF indicator light lights up.)
O/D Gear Lock-up Prohibition Control
- Brake pedal is depressed.
- Engine coolant temperature is 60 °C (140 °F) or less.

2. Check for shift shock and slip.
Check for shock and slip at the 1 -> 2, 2 -> 3 and 3 -> O/D up-shifts.
3. Check for abnormal noise and vibration.
Run at the D position lock-up or O/D gear and check for abnormal noise and vibration.

HINT: The check for the cause of abnormal noise and vibration must be done very thoroughly as it could also be due to loss of balance in the differential, torque converter clutch, etc.

4. Check kick-down operation.
While running in the D position, 2nd, 3rd and O/D gears, check that the possible kick-down vehicle speed limits for 2 -> 1, 3 -> 2 and O/D -> 3 kick-downs conform to those indicated on the automatic shift schedule.
5. Check abnormal shock and slip at kick-down.
6. Check the lock-up mechanism.
- Drive in the D position, O/D gear, at a steady speed (lock-up ON) of about 70 kph (43 mph).
- Lightly depress the accelerator pedal and check that the RPM does not change abruptly. If there is a big jump in RPM, there is no lock-up.

b. 2 position test
Shift into the 2 position and, while driving with the accelerator pedal held constantly at the full throttle valve opening position, check on the following points:
1. Check up-shift operation.
Check that the 1 -> 2 up-shift takes place and that the shift point conforms to the automatic shift schedule.

HINT: There is no O/D up-shift and lock-up in the 2 position.

2. Check engine braking.
While running in the 2nd gear of the 2 position, release the accelerator pedal and check the engine braking effect.

3. Check for abnormal noise during acceleration and deceleration, and for shock during up-shift and down-shift.

c. L position test
Shift into the L position, check that there is no up-shift to the 2nd gear.
1. Check no up-shift.
While running in the L position, check that there is no up-shift to the 2nd gear.
2. Check engine braking.
While running in the L position, release the accelerator pedal and check the engine braking effect.
3. Check for abnormal noise during acceleration and deceleration.

d. R position test
Shift into the R position and check for slipping while starting at full throttle.

CAUTION: Before conducting this test ensure that the test area is free from personnel and obstructor.

e. P position test
Stop the vehicle on a gradient (more than 5 °) and release the parking brake after shifting into the P position.
Then check that the parking lock pawl holds the vehicle in place.

5. BASIC INSPECTION
a. Check the fluid level.

HINT:
- Drive the vehicle so that the engine and transaxle become at normal operating temperature.

Fluid temperature: 70 - 80 °C (158 - 176 °F)

- Only use the COOL range on the dipstick as a rough reference when the ATF is replaced or the engine does not run.




1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and set the parking brake.
2. With the engine idling and the brake pedal depressed, shift the shift lever into all positions from the P to L position and return to the P position.
3. Pull out the oil level gauge and wipe it clean.
4. Push it back fully into the pipe.




5. Pull it out and check that the ATF level is in the HOT range.
If the amount of ATF is less than the specified range, add new ATF.

Fluid type: ATF D-II or DEXRON (R) III (DEXRON(R) II)

NOTE: Do not overfill.

b. Check the fluid condition.
If the ATF smells burnt or is black, replace it.




c. Replace the ATF.
1. Remove the drain plug and drain the ATF.
2. Reinstall the drain plug securely.




3. With the engine OFF add new ATF through the oil filler pipe.

Fluid type: ATF D-II or DEXRON(R) III (DEXRON (R) II)
Drain and refill: 3.1 liters (3.3 US qts, 2.7 Imp. qts)

4. Start the engine and shift the shift lever into all positions from P to L position and then shift into P position.




5. With the engine idling, check the ATF level. Add ATF up to the COOL level on the dipstick.
6. Check the ATF level at the normal operating temperature 70 - 80 °C (158 - 176 °F) and add as necessary.

NOTE: Do not overfill.

d. Check the fluid leaks.
Check for leaks in the transaxle.
If leaks are found, it is necessary to replace O-rings, gaskets, oil seals, plugs or other parts.




e. Inspect and adjust the throttle cable.
1. Check that the throttle valve is fully closed.
2. Check that the inner cable is not slack.
3. Measure the distance between the outer cable end and the stopper on the cable.

Standard boat and cable stopper distance: 0 - 1 mm (0 - 0.04 in.)

If the distance is not within the specification, adjust the cable by the adjusting nuts.

f. Inspect and adjust the shift lever position.
When shifting the shift lever from the N position to the other positions, check that the lever can be shifted smoothly and accurately to each position and that the position indicator correctly indicates the position.
If the indicator is not aligned with the correct position, carry out the following adjustment procedures:




1. Loosen the nut on the control shaft lever.
2. Push the control shaft lever fully downward.
3. Return the control shaft lever 2 notches to the N position.




4. Set the shift lever to the N position.
5. While holding the shift lever lightly toward the R position side, tighten the shift lever nut.

Torque: 12 N.m (120 kgf.cm, 9 ft.lbf)

6. Start the engine and make sure that the vehicle moves forward when shifting the lever from the N to D position but moves backward when shifting it to the R position.

g. Inspect and adjust the park/neutral position switch. Check that the engine can be started with the shift lever only in the N or P position but not in the other positions.
If not as stated above, carry out the following adjustment procedures:
1. Loosen the park/neutral position switch bolt and set the shift lever to the N position.




2. Align the groove and the neutral basic line.
3. Holding the shift selector, and tighten the bolt.

Torque: 5.4 N.m (55 kgf.cm, 48 in.lbf)

HINT: For continuity inspection of the park/neutral position switch.

h. Check the idle speed.

Idle speed: 700 ± 50 rpm (In N position and A/C OFF)

6. MECHANICAL SYSTEM TESTS
a. Measure the stall speed.
The object of this test is to check the overall performance of the transaxle and engine by measuring the stall speeds in the D and R positions.

NOTE:
- Do the test at normal ATF operation temperature 50 - 80 °C (122 - 176 °F).
- Do not continuously run this test longer than 5 seconds.
- To ensure safety, conduct this test in a wide, clear, level area which provides good condition.
- The stall test should always be carried out in pairs. One technician should observe the conditions of wheels or wheel stoppers outside the vehicle while the other is doing the test.

1. Check the 4 wheels.
2. Fully apply the parking brake.
3. Connect OBD II scan tool or the TOYOTA hand-held tester to the DLC 3.
4. Start the engine and check the idle speed.
5. Keep your left foot pressed firmly on the brake pedal.
6. Shift into the D position. Fully depress the accelerator pedal. Quickly read the stall speed at this time.

Stall speed: 2,500 ± 150 rpm

7. Do the same test in the R position.

Stall speed: 2,500 ± 150 rpm




Evaluation:

b. Measure the time lag.
When the shift lever is shifted while the engine is idling, there will be a certain time of lapse or lag before the shock can be felt. This is used for checking the condition of the U/D direct clutch, forward clutch, direct clutch, and 1st & reverse brake.

NOTE:
- Do the test at normal operating ATF temperature 50 - 80°C (122 - 176 °F).
- Be sure to allow 1 minute interval between tests.
- Perform 3 measurements and take the average value from them.

1. Connect the OBD II scan tool or TOYOTA hand-held tester to the DLC 3.
2. Fully apply the parking brake.
3. Start the engine and check idle speed.

Idle speed: 700 ± 50 rpm (In N position and A/C OFF)

4. Shift the lever from the N to D position. Using a stop watch, measure the time it takes from shifting the lever until the shock is felt.

Time lag: N -> D Less than 0.7 seconds

5. In the same manner, measure the time lag for N -> R.

Time lag: N -> R Less than 1.2 seconds




Evaluation (If N -> D or N -> R time lag is longer than the specified):

7. HYDRAULIC TEST
Measure the line pressure.

NOTE:
- Do the test at normal operating ATF temperature 50-80 °C (122-176 °F).
- The line pressure test should always be carried out in pairs. One technician should observe the conditions of wheels or wheel stoppers outside the vehicle while the other is doing the test.
- Be careful to prevent SST's hose from interfering with the exhaust pipe.

1. Warm up the ATF.
2. Remove the test plug on the left side of the transaxle case left side and connect SST.

SST 09992 - 00095 (09992 - 00231, 09992 - 00271)

3. Check the 4 wheels.
4. Fully apply the parking brake.
5. Start the engine and check idling speed.
6. Keep your left foot pressed firmly on the brake pedal and shift into D position.
7. Measure the line pressure while the engine is idling.
8. Fully depress the accelerator pedal, quickly read the highest line pressure when the engine speed reaches stall speed.

NOTE: Release the accelerator pedal and stop the test if the wheels begin to rotate before the engine speed reaches the specified stall speed.

9. In the same way, do the test in the R position.




Specified line pressure:

If the measured pressures are not up to specified values, recheck the throttle cable adjustment and do a test again.




Evaluation:

8. MANUAL SHIFTING TEST






HINT: With this test, it can be determined whether the trouble is in the electrical circuit or is a mechanical problem in the transaxle.

a. Disconnect the solenoid wire.
b. Inspect the manual driving operation.




Check that the shift and gear positions correspond to the table.

HINT:
- If the L, 2 and D position gear positions are difficult to distinguish, do the following road test.
- While driving, shift through the L, 2 and D positions. Check that the gear change corresponds to the shift position.

If any abnormality are found in the above test, the problem is in the transaxle itself.

c. Connect the solenoid wire.
d. Cancel the DTC (See step 3.).