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Displaying & Reading Trouble Codes

NOTE: This is the only information provided by the manufacturer for reading diagnostic trouble codes for this system.

PRE-CHECK

1. DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM




a. Description
- When troubleshooting OBD II vehicles, the only difference from the usual troubleshooting procedure is that you need to connect to the vehicle an OBD II scan tool complying with SAE J1978 or hand-held tester, and read off various data output from the vehicle's ECM.
- OBD II regulations require that the vehicle's on-board computer lights up the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) on the instrument panel when the computer detects a malfunction in the computer itself or in the drive system components which affect the vehicle emissions. In addition to the MIL lighting up, when a malfunction is detected, the applicable DTC's prescribed by SAE J2012 are recorded in the ECM memory.

If the malfunction only occurs in 3 consecutive trips, the MIL goes off but the DTC's remain in the ECM memory.




- To check the DTC's, connect the OBD II scan tool or the hand-held tester to DLC3 of the vehicle. The OBD II scan tool or hand-held tester also enables you to erase the DTC's and check freeze frame data and various forms of engine data (For instruction book).

- The DTC's include SAE controlled codes and Manufacturer controlled codes. SAE controlled codes must be set as the codes prescribed by the SAE, while Manufacturer controlled codes can be set freely by a manufacturer within the prescribed limits (See the DTC chart).

- The diagnosis system operates in the normal mode during the normal vehicle use, and also has a check mode for technicians to simulate malfunction symptoms and perform troubleshooting. Most DTC's use 2 trip detection logic(*) to prevent erroneous detection. By switching the ECM to the check mode when troubleshooting, the technician can cause the MIL to light up for a malfunction that is only detected once or momentarily (hand-held tester).

- *2 trip detection logic:
When a malfunction is first detected, the malfunction is temporarily stored in the ECM memory.
If the same malfunction is detected again during the second test drive, this second detection causes the MIL to light up.







b. Inspect the DLC3.
The vehicle's ECM uses ISO 9141-2 for communication. The terminal arrangement of DLC3 complies with SAE J1962 and matches the ISO 9141-2 format.

HINT: If your display shows UNABLE TO CONNECT TO VEHICLE when you have connected the cable of OBD II scan tool or hand-held tester to DLC3, turned the ignition switch ON and operated the scan tool, there is a problem on the vehicle side or tool side.
- If the communication is normal when the tool is connected to another vehicle, inspect DLC3 on the original vehicle.
- If the communication is still impossible when the tool is connected connected to another vehicle, the problem is probably in the tool itself, so consult the Service Department listed in the tool's instruction manual.

2. Normal Mode: INSPECT DIAGNOSIS




a. Check the MIL.
1. The MIL comes on when the ignition switch is turned ON and the engine is not running.

HINT: If the MIL does not light up, troubleshoot the combination meter.

2. When the engine is started, the MIL should go off. If the lamp remains on, it means that the diagnosis system has detected a malfunction or abnormality in the system.

b. Check the DTC.

NOTE:
hand-held tester only:
When the diagnostic system is switched from normal mode to check mode, all the DTC's and freeze frame data recorded in the normal mode will be erased. So before switching modes, always check the DTC's and freeze frame data, and note them down.

1. Prepare an OBD II scan tool (complying with SAE J1978) or hand-held tester




2. Connect the OBD II scan tool or hand-held tester to the DLC3 at the lower of the instrument panel.
3. Turn the ignition switch ON and push the OBD II scan tool or hand-held tester switch ON.
4. Use the OBD II scan tool or hand-held tester to check the DTC's and freeze frame data and note them down (For operating instructions, see the OBD II scan tool's instruction book).
5. See TROUBLE CODE DESCRIPTIONS to confirm the details of the DTCs.

NOTE: When simulating symptoms with an OBD II scan tool (excluding hand-held tester) to check the DTC's, use the normal mode. For codes on the DTC's chart subject to "2 trip detection logic", turn the ignition switch off after the symptoms is simulated once. Them repeat the simulation process again. When the program has been simulated twice, the MIL is indicated on the instrument panel and the DTC's are recorded in the ECM.

3. Check Mode: INSPECT DIAGNOSIS

HINT:
Hand-held tester only:
Compared to the normal mode, the check mode has more sensitive ability to detect malfunctions. Furthermore, the same diagnostic items which are detected in the normal mode can also be detected in the check mode.

a. Check the DTC.
1. Check the initial conditions.
- Battery positive voltage 11 V or more.
- Throttle valve fully closed.
- Transaxle in P position.
- Air conditioning switched OFF.

2. Turn the ignition switch OFF.
3. Prepare a hand-held tester.




4. Connect the hand-held tester to the DLC3 at the lower of the instrument panel.
5. Turn the ignition switch ON and push the hand-held tester switch ON.




6. Switch the hand-held tester from the normal mode to the check mode (Check that the MIL flashes).
7. Start the engine (MIL goes off after the engine starts).
8. Simulate the conditions of the malfunction described by the customer.

NOTE: Leave the ignition switch ON until you have checked the DTC's, etc.

9. After simulating the malfunction conditions, use the hand-held tester diagnosis selector to check the DTC's and freeze frame data, etc.

HINT: Take care not to turn the ignition switch OFF, as turning it OFF switches the diagnosis system from the check mode to the normal mode, which erases all the DTC's, etc.

10. After checking the DTC, inspect the applicable circuit.

b. Clear the DTC.
When operating an OBD II scan tool (complying with SAE J1978) or hand-held tester to erase the codes, the DTC's and freeze frame date will be erased (See the OBD II scan tool's instruction book for operating instructions.).

4. ROAD TEST

NOTE: Perform the test at the ATF temperature of 50 - 80 °C (122 - 176 °F) in the normal operating.

a. D position test
Shift into the D position, depress the accelerator pedal fully and then check the following points:

1. Check up-shift operation.
1 -> 2, 2 -> 3 and 3 -> O/D, up-shift takes place at the shift point shown in the automatic shift schedule.

HINT:
- O/D Gear Up-shift Prohibition Control (1. Coolant temperature is 60 °C (140 °F) or less. 2. If there is a difference of 10 km/h (6 mph) between the set cruise control speed and vehicle speed.)
- O/D Gear Lock-up Prohibition Control (1. Brake pedal is depressed. 2. Coolant temperature is 60 °C (140 °F) or less.)

2. Check for shift shock and slip.
Check for shock and slip at the up-shift operation of 1 -> 2, 2 -> 3 and 3 -> O/D.

3. Check for abnormal noise and vibration.
Run at the D position lock-up or O/D gear and check for abnormal noise and vibration.

HINT: The check of the cause of abnormal noise and vibration must be made very thoroughly, as it could be due to the loss of balance in the differential torque converter clutch, etc.

4. Check the kick-down operation.
While running in the D position, 2nd, 3rd and O/D gears, check that the possible kick-down vehicle speed limits of 2 -> 1, 3 -> 2 and O/D -> 3 kick-down conform to those indicated on the automatic shift schedule.

5. Check abnormal shock and slip at kick-down.
6. Check the lock-up mechanism.
- Drive in the D position, O/D gear, at steady speed (lock-up ON) of about 60 km/h (37 mph).
- Depress the accelerator pedal lightly and check that the engine speed does not change abruptly.

If there is a big jump in the engine speed, there is no lock-up.

b. 2 position test
Shift into the 2 position, depress the accelerator pedal fully and check the following points:

1. Check up-shift operation.
Check that the up-shift operation of 1 -> 2 is taken place and that the shift point conforms to the automatic shift schedule.

HINT: There is no O/D up-shift and lock-up in the 2 position.

2. Check the engine braking.
While running in the 2 position and 2nd gear, release the accelerator pedal and check the engine braking effect.
3. Check for abnormal noise during acceleration and deceleration, and for shock at up-shift and down-shift.

c. L position test
Shift into the L position, depress the accelerator pedal fully and check the following points:

1. Check no up-shift.
While running in the L position, check that there is no up-shift to 2nd gear.

2. Check the engine braking.
While running in the L position, release the accelerator pedal and check the engine braking effect.

3. Check for abnormal noise during acceleration and deceleration.

d. R position test
Shift into the R position, depress the accelerator pedal fully and check for slipping.

CAUTION: Before conducting this test ensure that the test area is free from people and obstruction.

e. P position test
Stop the vehicle on a grade (more than 5 °) and after shifting into the P position, release the parking brake. Then, check that the parking lock pawl holds the vehicle in place.

5. BASIC INSPECTION




a. Check the fluid level.

HINT:
- Drive the vehicle so that the engine and transaxle are at normal operating temperature.

Fluid temperature: 70 - 80 °C (158 - 176 °F)

- Use the COOL range on the dipstick as a rough reference when the fluid is replaced or the engine does not run.




1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and set the parking brake.
2. With the engine idling and the brake pedal depressed, shift the shift lever into all positions from P to L position and return it to the P position.
3. Pull out the dipstick and wipe it out.
4. Push the dipstick back fully into the pipe.
5. Pull the dipstick out and check that the fluid level is in the HOT range.

If the level is at the low side, add new fluid.

Fluid type: ATF D-II or DEXRON(R)III (DEXRON(R)II)

NOTE: Do not overfill.

b. Check the fluid condition.
If condition of the fluid has deteriorated, replace the fluid.

c. Replace the ATF.




1. Remove the drain plug and drain the fluid.
2. Reinstall the drain plug securely.




3. With the engine OFF, add new fluid through the oil filler pipe.

Fluid type: ATF D-II or DEXRON(R) III (DEXRON(R)II)

Capacity: 4.75 liters (5.0 US qts, 4.2 Imp.qts)

4. Start the engine and shift the shift lever into all positions from P to L and then shift into the P position.




5. With the engine idling, check the fluid level. Add fluid to the COOL level on the dipstick.
6. Check the fluid level at the normal operating temperature of 70 - 80 °C (158 - 176 °F), and add if necessary.

NOTE: Do not overfill.

d. Check the fluid leak.
Check for leak in the transaxle.
If there are leaks, it is necessary to repair or replace O-rings, gasket, oil seals, plugs or other parts.




e. Inspect and adjust the throttle cable.
1. Check that the accelerator pedal is fully released.
2. Check that the inner cable is not slack.
3. Measure the distance between the outer cable end and stopper on the cable.

Standard distance: 0 - 1 mm (0 - 0.04 in.)

If the distance is not the standard, adjust the cable by the adjusting nuts.




f. Inspect and adjust the shift lever position.
When shifting the shift lever from the N position to the other positions, check that the lever can be shifted smoothly and accurately into each position and that the position indicator is not aligned with the correct position.

If the indicator is not aligned with the correct position, carry out the following adjustment procedures.
1. Loosen the nut on the shift lever.
2. Push the control shaft fully rearward.




3. Return the control shaft lever by 2 notches to the N position.
4. Set the shift lever into the N position.
5. While holding the shift lever lightly toward the R position side, tighten the shift lever nut.

Torque: 13 N.m (130 kgf.cm, 9 ft.lbf)

6. Start the engine and make sure that the vehicle moves forward when shifting the lever from N to D and reverses when shifting it to the R position.




g. Inspect and adjust the park/neutral position.
Check that the engine can be started with the shift lever only in the N or P position, but never in the other positions.

If it is not as stated above, carry out the following adjustment procedures.
1. Loosen the park/neutral position switch bolt and set the shift lever into the N position.
2. Align the groove with the neutral basic line.
3. Hold in position and tighten the bolt.

Torque: 5.4 N.m (55 kgf.cm, 48 in.lbf)

For further inspection of the park/neutral position switch, see P1780 - PARK/NEUTRAL POSITION SWITCH MALFUNCTION.

h. Check the idle speed.

Idle speed: 700 ± 50 rpm
(In N position and air conditioner OFF)

6. MECHANICAL SYSTEM TESTS

a. Measure the stall speed.
The object of this test is to check the overall performance of the transaxle and engine by measuring the stall speeds in the D and R positions.

NOTE:
- Do the test at the normal operating fluid temperature of 50 - 80 °C (122 - 176 °F).
- Do not continuously run this test longer than 5 seconds.
- To ensure safety, conduct this test in a wide, clear and level area which provide good traction.
- The stall test should always be carried out in pairs. One technician should observe the conditions of wheels or wheel stoppers outside the vehicle while the other is doing the test

1. Check the 4 wheels.
2. Connect an OBD II scan tool or hand-held tester to the DLC3.
3. Fully apply the parking brake.
4. Keep your left foot pressed firmly on the brake pedal.
5. Start the engine.

6. Shift into the D position. Press all the way down on the accelerator pedal with your right foot. Quickly read the stall speed at this time.

Stall speed: 2,450 - 2,750 rpm

7. Do the same test in R position.

Stall speed: 2,450 - 2,750 rpm




Evaluation

b. Measure the time lag.
When the shift lever is shifted while the engine is idling, there will be a certain time lapse or lag before the shock can be felt. This is used for checking the conditions of the O/D direct clutch, forward clutch, and 1st and reverse brake.

NOTE:
- Do the test at the normal operating fluid temperature of 50 - 80 °C (122 - 176 °F).
- Be sure to allow 1 minute interval between the tests.
- Take 3 measurements and take the average value.

1. Connect an OBD II scan tool or hand-held tester to the DLC3.
2. Fully apply the parking brake.
3. Start the engine and check idle speed.

Idle speed: 700 ± 50 rpm (In N position and air conditioner OFF)

4. Shift the shift lever from the N to D position. Using a stop watch, measure the time from when the lever is shifted until the shock is felt.

Measure the time lag for N -> R in the same way.

Time lag:
N -> D Less than 1.2 seconds
N -> R Less than 1.5 seconds




Evaluation (If N -> D time or N -> R time lag is longer than specified)

7. HYDRAULIC TEST
Measure the line pressure

NOTE:
- Do the test at the normal operation fluid temperature of 50 - 80 °C (122 - 176 °F).
- The line pressure test should always be carried out in pairs. One technician should observe the conditions of wheels or wheel stoppers outside the vehicle while the other is doing the test.
- Be careful to prevent SST's hose from Interfering with the exhaust pipe.

1. Warm up the ATF.
2. Remove the test plug on the transaxle case front left side and connect SST.
SST 09992-00095 (09992-00231, 09992-00271)
3. Fully apply the parking brake and check the 4 wheels.
4. Connect an OBD II scan tool or hand-held tester to the DLC3.
5. Start the engine and check the idling speed.
6. Keep your left foot pressed firmly on the brake pedal and shift into the D position.
7. Measure the line pressure when the engine is idling.
8. Depress the accelerator pedal all the way down. Quickly read the highest line pressure when the engine speed reaches the stall speed.
9. Do the test in the R position in the same way.

Specified Line Pressure:




Specified line pressure
If the measured pressure does not reach specified value, recheck the throttle cable adjustment and then retest.




Evaluation







8. MANUAL SHIFTING TEST

HINT: With this test, it can be determined whether the trouble occurs in the electrical circuit or is a mechanical problem in the transaxle.

a. Disconnect the solenoid wire.
b. Inspect the manual driving operation.
Check that the shift and gear positions correspond with the table.
While driving, shift through the L, 2 and D positions. Check that the gear change corresponds to the shift position.

HINT: If the L, 2 and D position gear positions are difficult to positions are difficult to distinguish, do the following read test. If any abnormalities are found in the above test, the problem is in the transaxle itself.

c. Connect the solenoid wire.
d. Clear the DTC.




9. AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE OPERATING CONDITION

NOTE: The values given above for "Normal Condition" are representative values, so a vehicle may still be normal even if its value varies differ from those listed here. So do not decide whether a part is faulty or not solely according to the "Normal Condition" here.