P0016
1ZZ-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM: SFI SYSTEM: P0016: Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation (Bank 1 Sensor A)
DTC P0016 - Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation (Bank 1 Sensor A)
DESCRIPTION
The Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor system consists of a CKP sensor plate and a pickup coil. The sensor plate has 34 teeth and it is installed on the crankshaft. The pickup coil is made of an iron core and a magnet.
The sensor plate rotates and, as each tooth passes through the pickup coil, a pulse signal is created. The pickup coil generates 34 signals per engine revolution. Based on these signals, the ECM calculates the crankshaft position and engine RPM. Using these calculations, the fuel injection time and ignition timing are controlled.
Reference: Inspection using an oscilloscope.
HINT:
- The correct waveform is shown on the left.
- G2+ stands for the Camshaft Position (CMP) sensor signal, and NE+ stands for the CKP sensor signal.
MONITOR DESCRIPTION
The ECM optimizes the valve timing by using the VVT (Variable Valve Timing) system to control the intake camshaft. The VVT system includes the ECM, the Oil Control Valve (OCV) and the VVT controller (camshaft timing gear assembly).
The ECM sends a target duty-cycle control signal to the OCV. This control signal regulates the oil pressure supplied to the VVT controller. The VVT controller can advance or retard the intake camshaft. The ECM calibrates the intake valve timing by setting the intake camshaft to the most retarded angle while the engine is idling. The ECM closes the OCV to retard the cam. The ECM stores this value as the VVT learning value.
When the difference between the target and actual intake valve timings is 5°CA (Crankshaft Angle) or less, the ECM stores it.
If the VVT learning value matches the following conditions, the ECM determines the existence of a malfunction in the VVT system, and sets the DTC.
- VVT learning value: Less than 24°CA, or more than 46°CA.
- Above condition continues for 18 seconds or more.
This DTC indicates that the intake camshaft has been installed toward the crankshaft at an incorrect angle, caused by factors such as the timing chain having jumped a tooth.
This monitor begins to run after the engine has idled for 5 minutes.
MONITOR STRATEGY
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS
WIRING DIAGRAM
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
HINT: Read freeze frame data using Techstream. The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as freeze frame data the moment a DTC is stored. When troubleshooting, freeze frame data can be helpful in determining whether the vehicle was running or stopped, whether the engine was warmed up or not, whether the air/fuel ratio was lean or rich, as well as other data recorded at the time of a malfunction.
PROCEDURE
1. CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO DTC P0016)
(a) Connect Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Turn the ignition switch to the ON position and turn the tester on.
(c) Select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes.
(d) Read DTCs.
Result:
HINT: If any DTCs other than P0016 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first.
B -- GO TO DTC CHART
A -- Continue to next step.
2. PERFORM ACTIVE TEST BY TECHSTREAM (OPERATE OCV)
(a) Connect Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Start the engine and turn the tester on.
(c) Warm up the engine.
(d) On the tester, select the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Control the VVTL System (Bank1).
(e) Check the engine speed while operating the Oil Control Valve (OCV) using the tester.
OK:
NG -- CHECK VALVE TIMING (CHECK FOR LOOSE AND JUMPED TEETH ON TIMING CHAIN)
OK -- Continue to next step.
3. CHECK VALVE TIMING (CHECK FOR LOOSE AND JUMPED TEETH ON TIMING CHAIN)
(a) Remove the cylinder head cover (Removal).
(b) Turn the crankshaft pulley, then align its groove with the timing mark "0" on the timing chain cover.
(c) Check that the point marks on the camshaft timing gears are aligned with the timing chain cover surface as shown in the illustration.
If not, turn the crankshaft 1 revolution (360°), then align the marks as above.
OK:
Point marks on camshaft timing gears are aligned with timing chain cover surface.
(d) Reinstall the cylinder head cover (Installation).
NG -- ADJUST VALVE TIMING
OK -- Continue to next step.
4. INSPECT CAMSHAFT TIMING OIL CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY (OCV)
(a) Remove the OCV.
(b) Measure the resistance between the terminals of the OCV.
Standard resistance:
6.9 to 7.9 Ohms at 20°C (68°F)
(c) Apply the positive battery voltage to terminal 1 and negative battery voltage to terminal 2. Check the valve operation.
OK:
Valve moves quickly.
(d) Reinstall the OCV.
NG -- REPLACE CAMSHAFT TIMING OIL CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY
OK -- Continue to next step.
5. INSPECT OIL CONTROL VALVE FILTER
(a) Remove the generator (Removal).
(b) Remove the OCV filter (Disassembly).
(c) Check that the filter is not clogged.
OK:
Filter is not clogged.
(d) Reinstall the OCV filter (Reassembly).
(e) Reinstall the generator (Installation).
NG -- OTHERS OIL CONTROL VALVE FILTER
OK -- Continue to next step.
6. REPLACE CAMSHAFT TIMING GEAR ASSEMBLY
NEXT -- Continue to next step.
7. CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS
(a) Connect Techstream to the DLC3.
(b) Turn the ignition switch to the ON position and turn the tester on.
(c) Clear DTCs (DTC Check / Clear).
(d) Start the engine and warm it up.
(e) Switch the ECM from normal mode to check mode using the tester (Check Mode Procedure).
(f) Drive the vehicle for more than 10 minutes.
(g) Confirm that no DTC is set using the tester.
OK:
No DTC output.
HINT: DTC P0016 is output when foreign objects in engine oil are caught in some parts of the system. These codes will stay registered even if the system returns to normal after a short time. These foreign objects are than captured by the oil filter, thus eliminating the source of the problem.
NG -- REPLACE ECM
OK -- END